![]() ![]() Others see themselves as beggars, convicts, or addicts. Some people see themselves primarily as doctors, artists, or grandfathers. ![]() A master status is a label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual. Secondary deviance can be so strong that it bestows a master status on an individual. The student is reprimanded frequently by teachers and school staff, and soon enough, he develops a reputation as a “troublemaker.” As a result, the student starts acting out even more and breaking more rules he has adopted the “troublemaker” label and embraced this deviant identity. For example, consider a high school student who often cuts class and gets into fights. The person may begin to take on and fulfill the role of a “deviant” as an act of rebellion against the society that has labeled that individual as such. Secondary deviance occurs when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society. ![]() Sometimes, in more extreme cases, primary deviance can morph into secondary deviance. Individuals who engage in primary deviance still maintain a feeling of belonging in society and are likely to continue to conform to norms in the future. Speeding is a deviant act, but receiving a speeding ticket generally does not make others view you as a bad person, nor does it alter your own self-concept. Primary deviance is a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others. Sociologist Edwin Lemert expanded on the concepts of labeling theory and identified two types of deviance that affect identity formation. And depending on her experience, she may begin to think of herself differently after repeated deviance, resulting in secondary deviance or a change in her master status. Depending on where she lives, her behavior may be labeled as deviant. This video explains labeling theory and gives an example of a cancer patient who is interested in using medical marijuana. ![]()
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